What is the most frequent complication of peritoneal dialysis?

Peritonitis is recognized as the most frequent and serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. This infection of the peritoneal cavity can occur when the sterile technique is compromised, or pathogens are introduced during catheter insertion or during exchanges of dialysate. The presence of peritonitis can lead to significant morbidity and may require hospitalization or even catheter replacement.

Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis are taught to recognize the early signs and symptoms of peritonitis, such as abdominal pain, cloudy dialysate effluent, fever, and malaise. Prompt identification and treatment of peritonitis are crucial to prevent further complications and to ensure continued dialysis effectiveness.

While other complications, like leakage of dialysate, formation of fibrin strands, or displacement of the catheter can occur, they do not occur with the same frequency or potentially life-threatening implications as peritonitis. As such, understanding peritonitis and its management is essential for nursing staff and dialysis personnel involved in caring for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.